Section 81: Delivery of instrument on payment or indemnity in case of loss

Negotiable Instruments Act • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide

Statutory Regulation
Legal Standard
Competent Court / Tribunal
Act 1881

Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 81

Section 81 establishes the debtor's right to demand the physical delivery of the instrument upon payment, or a full indemnity in case the instrument is lost or destroyed.

  • Right to Surrender of Paper: Any person liable to pay is entitled, before paying, to have the instrument shown to them, and upon payment, to have it delivered up.
  • Right to Indemnity on Loss: If the instrument is lost or cannot be produced, the paying party is entitled to a formal indemnity protecting them against future claims.
  • Protection Against Double Payment: Guards the debtor against the danger of the paper being subsequently negotiated to a bona fide holder in due course.
Key Landmark Precedents:
  • Hansraj v. Rattan Chand: Held that a debtor is fully justified in withholding payment if the plaintiff refuses or fails to produce the original negotiable instrument under Section 81.
  • Firm Ramnath v. Firm Sunderlal: Affirmed that delivering up the original instrument or offering a watertight indemnity bond is an indispensable condition to obtaining a decree.
Courtroom Practice & Strategic Litigation Guidance:

Never pay a promissory note or bill upon a mere photocopy or promise of return. Under Section 81, insist upon the physical surrender of the original stamped note with 'PAID AND CANCELLED' written across it, or demand a registered indemnity bond.