Section 94: Bequest to "representatives", etc., of particular person

Indian Succession Act • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide

Statutory Regulation
Legal Standard
Competent Court / Tribunal
Act 1925

Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 94

Section 94 provides that a bequest to the 'representatives', 'legal representatives', or 'personal representatives' of a person vests the property in that person's executors or administrators as estate assets.

  • Core Legal Standard: Section 94 establishes the legal construction of representative terminology.
  • Operational Mechanism: When property is bequeathed to the 'representatives', 'legal representatives', or 'executors or administrators' of a particular person, the law presumes that the testator did not intend to benefit those individuals in their private capacity.

Under this section, the bequest vests in the executors or administrators of that designated person in their official representative character, becoming part of that person's general estate subject to the payment of their debts and general testamentary administration, rather than passing directly to the representatives personally.

Key Landmark Precedents:
  • Rukmani Devi v. Narendra Lal Gupta, (1985) 1 SCC 144: The Supreme Court recognized that legal representatives taking under Section 94 hold property in a fiduciary capacity for the estate and creditors of the deceased, not for personal enrichment.
  • Chiranjilal Shrilal Goenka v. Jasjit Singh, (1993) 2 SCC 507: The Supreme Court emphasized the distinct legal character of estate representation under statutory succession codes.
Legal Commentary:

Section 94 prevents executors from pocketing legacies meant for their testator's estate. If an uncle leaves a bequest to 'the legal representatives of my late brother', the brother's executor cannot claim the money personally; it must be administered as an asset of the brother's estate to pay debts and distribute to the brother's own beneficiaries.