Section 4: Conditions relating to solemnization of special marriages
Special Marriage Act • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide
Special Marriage Act • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide
Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force relating to the solemnization of marriages, a marriage between any two persons may be solemnized under this Act, if at the time of the marriage the following conditions are fulfilled, namely:
(a) neither party has a spouse living;
(b) neither party
(i) is incapable of giving a valid consent to it in consequence of unsoundness of mind; or
(ii) though capable of giving a valid consent, has been suffering from mental disorder of such a kind or to such an extent as to be unfit for marriage and the protection of children; or
(iii) has been subject to recurrent attacks of insanity ;
(c) the male has completed the age of twenty-one years and the female the age of eighteen years;
(d) [ the parties are not within the degrees of prohibited relationship:
(e) where the marriage is solemnized in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, both parties are citizens of India domiciled in the territories to which this Act extends.
(i) that such rule has been continuously and uniformly observed for a long time among those members;
(ii) that such rule is certain and not unreasonable or opposed to public policy; and
(iii) that such rule, if applicable only to a family, has not been discontinued by the family.
Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 4
Section 4 of the Special Marriage Act, 1954 establishes the mandatory statutory conditions precedent for solemnizing a secular civil marriage.
Section 4 prescribes the indispensable substantive conditions precedent for a valid civil marriage, ensuring absolute monogamy and free informed adult consent.
Section 4 is the cornerstone of inter-faith and inter-caste unions in India. Because it requires neither religious conversion nor adherence to shastric or canonical rites, it provides an egalitarian legal haven. In practical legal practice, compliance with the statutory age and monogamy conditions under Section 4 is verified through official civil documents (birth certificates, passports, and non-encumbrance declarations) before the Marriage Officer.