Section 18: Effect of registration of marriage under this Chapter

Special Marriage Act • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide

Statutory Regulation
Legal Standard
Competent Court / Tribunal
Act 1954

Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 18

Section 18 declares the transformative legal effect of registering a marriage under Chapter III, deeming the marriage to have been solemnized under the Special Marriage Act from the date of entry in the Marriage Certificate Book.

  • Statutory Deeming Fiction: From the date of entry in the Marriage Certificate Book, the marriage is deemed to be a marriage solemnized under this Act for all legal intents and purposes.
  • Children's Legitimacy: All children born after the date of ceremony whose names are entered in the certificate are deemed to be legitimate children of their parents.
  • Succession Realignment: Triggers the operation of Section 21, shifting succession rights of the spouses from personal religious laws to the Indian Succession Act, 1925 (except between two Hindus saved by Section 21A).
Key Landmark Precedents:
  • Maneka Gandhi v. Indira Gandhi (1984) ILR 1 Del 601: The Delhi High Court examined the legal fiction created by Section 18, holding that once a marriage is registered under Chapter III, all rights of inheritance, legitimacy, and marital status are governed strictly by civil law.
  • Sunderlal v. Hariprasad AIR 1982 MP 130: Held that children born prior to or subsequent to Chapter III registration enjoy absolute legitimacy and statutory inheritance rights under Section 18 r/w Section 26.
Courtroom Practice & Strategic Litigation Guidance:

Inform clients that Chapter III registration under Section 18 permanently subjects matrimonial grounds for divorce, nullity, and maintenance exclusively to the SMA, superseding prior personal religious law remedies.