Section 100: Power of court to make orders

The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (Act No. 37 of 2020) • Official Statutory Text & Plain English Practice Guide

Statutory Mandate
Chapter XI: Offences and Penalties
Competent Labour Forum
Act No. 37 of 2020

Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 100

Section 100 of the Code empowers the criminal court convicting an employer or occupier to make remedial orders directing specific safety measures to be undertaken within a specified period, in addition to or in lieu of imposing penalties.

  • Judicial Power to Issue Mandatory Remedial Injunctions: Empowers Magistrates to direct concrete physical engineering remedies, machinery retrofitting, or ventilation improvements to eliminate ongoing workplace hazards.
  • Prescribed Compliance Window & Suspension of Fines: Allows the court to grant a reasonable period for compliance, during which the employer cannot be prosecuted for continuing the contravention.
  • Strict Sanctions for Non-Compliance with Court Directives: Provides that failure to execute the court's remedial order within the stipulated time triggers severe continuing daily fines and imprisonment under Section 114.
Key Landmark Precedents:
  • M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak) (1987) 1 SCC 395: Supreme Court underscored that courts possess inherent and statutory powers to mandate structural and operational safety reforms in defaulting industrial enterprises.
  • Consumer Education & Research Centre v. Union of India (1995) 3 SCC 42: Affirmed the authority of judicial forums to order comprehensive medical screening and plant modification rather than mere punitive fines.
  • State of Gujarat v. Jayantilal Amratlal AIR 1965 SC 1477: Supreme Court affirmed that judicial orders directing factory safety compliance are binding and non-negotiable.
Courtroom Practice & Strategic Litigation Guidance:

If convicted under the Code, defense counsel should proactively petition the court under Section 100 for an order specifying a realistic ninety-day remediation plan, presenting a turnkey engineering proposal to suspend immediate penal escalation.