Section 193: Inquiry made by Judge

Indian Succession Act • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide

Statutory Regulation
Legal Standard
Competent Court / Tribunal
Act 1925

Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 193

Section 193 prescribes the preliminary summary inquiry to be conducted by the District Judge upon receiving an application for the protection of property of a deceased person.

  • Preliminary Satisfaction of Judge: The District Judge must examine the applicant on oath and determine whether there are sufficient grounds for believing that the deceased died possessed of property and that wrongful possession is imminent.
  • Summary Evidentiary Scrutiny: The inquiry is strictly summary, aimed at preventing fraudulent misappropriation or spoliation of assets by unauthorized intermeddlers.
  • Threshold for Citation: If satisfied that the application was made in good faith and that wrongful possession has occurred or is threatened, the Judge issues citations to the opposite parties.
Key Landmark Precedents:
  • State of Bihar v. Radha Krishna Singh (1983) 3 SCC 118: The Supreme Court highlighted that proceedings under Part VII are purely summary protective measures designed to secure estates in emergency situations, without deciding substantive title.
  • P.H. Patil v. K.S. Patil (High Court Precedents): Held that the preliminary examination under Section 193 is a mandatory jurisdictional prerequisite before the District Judge can issue notice or appoint a curator.
Courtroom Practice & Strategic Litigation Guidance:

In an urgent Section 192/193 petition, the applicant must attend court personally on the filing day to be examined on oath; failure to tender oral testimony under Section 193 prevents the District Judge from issuing urgent interim citations or appointment orders.