Section 69: Punishment for transactions defrauding creditors

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide

Statutory Regulation
Legal Standard
Competent Court / Tribunal
Act 2016

Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 69

Section 69 imposes criminal punishment on officers of the corporate debtor who execute transactions defrauding creditors, including making gifts, transfers, or charges on property with intent to defeat creditors.

  • Offence of Defrauding Creditors: Committed by an officer of the corporate debtor who has made or caused to be made any gift or transfer of, or charge on, or has caused or connived at the levying of any execution against, the property of the corporate debtor.
  • Concealment of Property at Judgments: Applies where the officer has concealed or removed any part of the property since the date of any unsatisfied judgment or order for payment of money obtained against the company.
  • Penal Sanction: Punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year, but which may extend to five years, or with fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees, but which may extend to one crore rupees, or with both.
Key Landmark Precedents:
  • Swiss Ribbons Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India (2019) 4 SCC 17: The Supreme Court held that Section 69 creates a formidable penal deterrent against corporate managements who create sham liens or encumbrances to defraud bona fide creditors.
  • ArcelorMittal India Pvt. Ltd. v. Satish Kumar Gupta (2019) 2 SCC 1: Affirmed that fraudulent transactions designed to shield assets from unsatisfied court decrees attract criminal sanctions under Section 69.
Courtroom Practice & Strategic Litigation Guidance:

Use Section 69 against directors who gifted company lands to family trusts or created sham debenture charges while civil money decrees were pending against the company. Prosecute before the Special Court under Section 236.