Section 21: Custody orders

Domestic Violence Act, 2005 • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide

Child Welfare
Custody Direction
JMFC / Mahila Court
Act 2005

Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 21

Section 21 empowers the Magistrate to grant temporary Custody Orders for children and specify visitation arrangements during domestic violence proceedings.

  • Core Legal Standard: The proviso establishes that if the Magistrate is of the opinion that any visit of the respondent may be harmful to the best interests of the child, the Magistrate shall refuse to allow such visit.
  • Procedural Scope: Sets the parameters for invoking statutory remedies and judicial protections.

Section 21 safeguards child welfare in matrimonial discord, empowering Magistrates to grant temporary custody arrangements and regulate visitation rights.

Key Landmark Precedents:
  • Roxann Sharma v. Arun Sharma (2015) 8 SCC 318: Held that in child custody disputes under Section 21, the paramount consideration is the welfare of the child, and custody of an infant or young child ordinarily belongs to the mother unless compelling disqualifications exist.
  • Jasmeet Kaur v. Navtej Singh (2018) 4 SCC 295: Reiterated that domestic violence committed in the presence of minor children has severe psychological impact, justifying denial of unconditional visitation rights to an abusive parent.
Legal Commentary:

Section 21 functions as an emergency parental shield. Abusive respondents frequently weaponize minor children by forcibly snatching them from mothers to coerce settlements. Section 21 bypasses protracted guardianship suits under the Guardians and Wards Act, granting immediate interim physical custody to the mother.