Section 95: Compensation for obtaining arrest, attachment or injunction on insufficient grounds

Code of Civil Procedure • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide

Statutory Regulation
Legal Standard
Competent Court / Tribunal
Act 1908
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Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 95

Section 95 provides for compensation up to fifty thousand rupees to a defendant against whom an arrest, attachment, or temporary injunction was obtained on insufficient grounds, or where the plaintiff's suit fails and there was no reasonable ground for instituting it.

  • Arrest, Attachment or Injunction on Insufficient Grounds: Where in any suit in which an arrest or attachment has been effected or a temporary injunction granted: (a) it appears to the court that such arrest, attachment, or injunction was applied for on insufficient grounds, or (b) the suit fails and it appears there was no probable ground for instituting it.
  • Fifty Thousand Rupee Ceiling [Sec 95(1)]: The court may, upon application of the defendant, award against the plaintiff by its order reasonable compensation not exceeding ₹50,000 for the expense or injury caused.
  • Summary Remedy in Same Suit: Defendant obtains summary compensation without filing a separate tort suit for malicious prosecution.
  • Bar on Separate Suit [Sec 95(2)]: An order determining an application under Section 95 bars any separate suit for damages in respect of that arrest, attachment, or injunction.
Key Landmark Precedents:
  • Salem Advocate Bar Association (I) v. Union of India, (2003) 1 SCC 49: The Supreme Court noted that the compensation limit under Section 95 was enhanced from ₹1,000 to ₹50,000 by the 2002 amendments to deter frivolous applications for ex-parte injunctions and attachments.
  • Dalpat Kumar v. Prahlad Singh, (1992) 1 SCC 719: The Supreme Court emphasized that obtaining an injunction on suppressed facts exposes the plaintiff to damages under Section 95.
  • Gujarat Bottling Co. Ltd. v. Coca Cola Co., (1995) 5 SCC 545: Reaffirmed that equitable relief obtained dishonestly invites punitive costs under Section 95.
Courtroom Practice & Strategic Litigation Guidance:

When successfully defeating a malicious ex-parte injunction or illegal attachment before judgment, immediately file an application under Section 95 praying for the maximum statutory compensation of ₹50,000.