Section 28: Offer of sale of shares by certain members of company

Companies Act • Official Statutory Text & Practice Guide

Statutory Regulation
Legal Standard
Competent Court / Tribunal
Act 2013
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Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 28

Section 28 provides the statutory mechanism for an 'Offer for Sale' (OFS) of shares by existing members of a company to the public, establishing the company's role as agent and reimbursement of costs.

  • Offer for Sale by Existing Members: Enables designated shareholders (such as private equity investors or promoters) to offload their shareholding to the public in consultation with the company's Board.
  • Deemed Prospectus Framework: The offer document issued for the OFS is deemed to be a prospectus, subjecting it to full statutory disclosure and liability rules.
  • Statutory Agency and Expense Indemnity: The company acts as the selling shareholders' lawful agent to effectuate the OFS, and all incurred expenses must be fully reimbursed by the selling members to the company.
Key Landmark Precedents:
  • Standard Chartered Bank v. Andhra Bank Financial Services Ltd., (2006) 6 SCC 94: Examined secondary market share transactions and public offers, affirming the strict fiduciary and disclosure obligations binding selling shareholders in public offerings.
  • Re: Larsen & Toubro Ltd., (2004) 121 Comp Cas 523 (Bom): Affirmed that in secondary public offers, the company facilitates the process as statutory agent, and the financial burden of the issue must rest exclusively on the selling shareholders.
Courtroom Practice & Strategic Litigation Guidance:

In drafting Offer for Sale Agreements (OFSA) in IPOs, include explicit indemnification clauses ensuring that selling shareholders reimburse all underwriting, regulatory, and marketing expenses to the company under Section 28(3) prior to listing day.