Section 26: Act Done in Good Faith for Person's Benefit with Consent

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita • Chapter III: General Exceptions • Official Statutory Text & Legal Guide

Chapter III: General Exceptions
Trial Court
Complete Defence
Non-Applicable
Formerly Sec 88 IPC

Legal Commentary & Landmark Judgments: Section 26

Section 26 protects acts done in good faith for a person's benefit with their consent, providing that nothing, which is not intended to cause death, is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause to a person for whose benefit it is done in good faith, and who has given consent.

  • Good Faith & Personal Benefit: The act must be performed with due care and attention for the medical, physical, or pecuniary benefit of the consenting person.
  • Medical & Surgical Operations Shield: Primary statutory protection for surgeons, physicians, and emergency responders performing high-risk clinical procedures.
  • Death Intent Bar: The surgeon or actor must not intend to cause death; knowledge that the high-risk surgery is likely to cause death is excused if done to save life.
Key Landmark Precedents:
  • Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 1: The Supreme Court laid down medical negligence safeguards, affirming that doctors performing surgical operations in good faith with patient consent are protected under Section 88 IPC (Section 26 BNS) unless gross recklessness is established.
  • Kusum Sharma v. Batra Hospital (2010) 3 SCC 480: Affirmed that a doctor cannot be held criminally liable if a patient dies during a difficult surgery performed with informed consent.
Courtroom Practice & Strategic Litigation Guidance:

In defending medical professionals facing Section 106 BNS criminal negligence prosecutions, place the signed Informed Consent Form, surgical notes, and medical board clearance on record: Section 26 BNS provides comprehensive statutory immunity.